Constructivism vs constructionism: Different foundational theories of how people learn.
- Constructivism is when people play and explore and build their own knowledge.
Cognitive apprenticeship
Productive failure
Eric K. Anderson: Deliberate practice
Pedagogical principles:
- Connecting to learners’ prior knowledge
- Organizing declarative knowledge
- Practice and feedback
- Encouraging metacognitive learning
- Collaborative learning
Declarative knowledge vs procedural knowledge
Tutorial hell
- Why do people experience tutorial hell?
- Lack of applied practice, lack of depth, over-reliance on passive learning, lack of personalization, no feedback and reflection, no metacognitive skills, no clear learning goals or path.
- How to escape tutorial hell?
- Incorporate practical projects, encourage active learning, utilize adaptive learning technologies, integrate reflective practices, structured learning paths, community and mentorship.
Vygotsky’s “Zone of Proximal Development,” which suggests that learning is most effective when new information is slightly more advanced than the learner’s current level of mastery but still accessible with some assistance